Πώς χρησιμοποίησαν οι Neanderthals τους αντίχειρές τους;

Του Γιώργου Λεκάκη

Για μια μελέτη που διεξήγαγε η κ. Ameline Bardo (του Πανεπιστημίου του Κεντ), και οι συνάδελφοί της, δημιούργησαν τρισδιάστατους χάρτες των αρθρώσεων, σε πέντε χέρια και καρπούς Νεάντερταλ, για να διερευνήσουν τους τρόπους με τους οποίους οι Νεάντερταλ μπορούσαν να κινούν τους αντίχειρές τους…

ΔΙΑΒΑΣΤΕ το: Ameline Bardo, Marie-Hélène Moncel, Christopher J. Dunmore, Tracy L. Kivell, Emmanuelle Pouydebat και Raphaël Cornette «The implications of thumb movements for Neanderthaland modern human manipulation», στο Scientific Reports, vol. 10, αρ: 19323 (2020), 26 November 2020. ΑΡΧΕΙΟΝ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΜΟΥ, 27.11.2020.

Abstract

Much research has debated the technological abilities of Neanderthals relative to those of early modern humans, with a particular focus on subtle differences in thumb morphology and how this may reflect differences in manipulative behaviors in these two species. Here, we provide a novel perspective on this debate through a 3D geometric morphometric analysis of shape covariation between the trapezial and proximal first metacarpal articular surfaces of Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis) in comparison to early and recent humans (Homo sapiens). Results show a distinct pattern of shape covariation in Neanderthals, consistent with more extended and adducted thumb postures that may reflect habitual use of grips commonly used for hafted tools. Both Neanderthals and recent humans demonstrate high intraspecific variation in shape covariation. This intraspecific variation is likely the result of genetic and/or developmental differences, but may also reflect, in part, differing functional requirements imposed by the use of varied tool-kits. These results underscore the importance of holistic joint shape analysis for understanding the functional capabilities and evolution of the modern human thumb.

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